Executive Summary of the Industry

A bank is a government-licensed financial institution[citation needed] whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money at differing maturities. It is an institution for receiving, keeping, and lending money at interest. In order to make profits, modern banks generally "borrow short and lend long" (i.e. take money from depositors and lend that money for longer-term projects)

Many other financial activities were added over time. For example banks are important players in financial markets and offer financial services such as investment funds. In some countries such as Germany, banks are the primary owners of industrial corporations while in other countries such as the United States banks are prohibited from owning non-financial companies. In Japan, banks are usually the nexus of a cross-share holding entity known as the zaibatsu. In France, bancassurance is prevalent, as most banks offer insurance services (and now real estate services) to their clients.

The level of government regulation of the banking industry varies widely, with counties such as Iceland, the United Kingdom and the United States having relatively light regulation of the banking sector, and countries such as China having relatively heavier regulation (including stricter regulations regarding the level of reserves).

Size of the Industry

Size of global banking industry
Worldwide assets of the largest 1,000 banks grew 16.3% in 2006/2007 to reach a record $74.2 trillion. This follows a 5.4% increase in the previous year. EU banks held the largest share, 53%, up from 43% a decade earlier. The growth in Europe’s share was mostly at the expense of Japanese banks, whose share more than halved during this period from 21% to 10%. The share of US banks remained relatively stable at around 14%. Most of the remainder was from other Asian and European countries.

The United States has by far the most banks in the world, both in terms of institutions (7,540 at the end of 2005) and branches (75,000). This is an indicator of the geography and regulatory structure of the USA, resulting in a large number of small to medium-sized institutions in its banking system. Japan had 129 banks and 12,000 branches. In 2004, Germany, France, and Italy each had more than 30,000 branches—more than double the 15,000 branches in the UK.

Banking Industry Structure

Types of banks
Banks' activities can be divided into retail banking, dealing directly with individuals and small businesses; business banking, providing services to mid-market business; corporate banking, directed at large business entities; private banking, providing wealth management services to high net worth individuals and families; and investment banking, relating to activities on thefinancial markets. Most banks are profit-making, private enterprises. However, some are owned by government, or are non-profit organizations.

Central banks are normally government-owned and charged with quasi-regulatory responsibilities, such as supervising commercial banks, or controlling the cash interest rate. They generally provide liquidity to the banking system and act as the lender of last resort in event of a crisis.

Commercial Bank: The term used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the Great Depression, the U.S. Congress required that banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were limited to capital market activities. Since the two no longer have to be under separate ownership, some use the term "commercial bank" to refer to a bank or a division of a bank that mostly deals with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses.

Community Banks: Locally operated financial institutions that empower employees to make local decisions to serve their customers and the partners.

Community Development Banks: Regulated banks that provide financial services and credit to under-served markets or populations.

Postal Savings Banks: Savings banks associated with national postal systems.

Private Banks: Banks that manage the assets of high net worth individuals.

Offshore Banks: Banks located in jurisdictions with low taxation and regulation. Many offshore banks are essentially private banks.

Savings Banks: In Europe, savings banks take their roots in the 19th or sometimes even 18th century. Their original objective was to provide easily accessible savings products to all strata of the population. In some countries, savings banks were created on public initiative; in others, socially committed individuals created foundations to put in place the necessary infrastructure. Nowadays, European savings banks have kept their focus on retail banking: payments, savings products, credits and insurances for individuals or small and medium-sized enterprises. Apart from this retail focus, they also differ from commercial banks by their broadly decentralised distribution network, providing local and regional outreach—and by their socially responsible approach to business and society.

Building Societies and Landesbanks: Institutions that conduct retail banking.

Ethical Banks: Banks that prioritize the transparency of all operations and make only what they consider to be socially-responsible investments.

Islamic Banks: Banks that transact according to Islamic principles.

Types of investment banks

Investment banks "underwrite" (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, trade for their own accounts, make markets, and advise corporations on capital market activities such as mergers and acquisitions.

Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade finance. The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new companies.

Both combined

Universal banks, more commonly known as financial services companies, engage in several of these activities. For example, Citigroup is a large American bank involved in commercial and retail lending, with subsidiaries in tax havens offering offshore banking services to customers in other countries. Other large financial institutions are similarly diversified and engage in multiple activities. In Europe and Asia, big banks are very diversified groups that, among other services, also distribute insurance—hence the term bancassurance, a portmanteau word combining "banque or bank" and "assurance", signifying that both banking and insurance are provided by the same corporate entity.

Other types of banks

Islamic banking: Islamic banks adhere to the concepts of Islamic law. This form of banking revolves around several well-established principles based on Islamic canons. All banking activities must avoid interest, a concept that is forbidden in Islam. Instead, the bank earns profit (markup) and fees on the financing facilities that it extends to customers

Manpower for Job Roles within the Banking

Industry: Banking

Retail/Personal Banking
Cust. Service Exec.	Cust. Service Manager	Collections Officer
Collections Manager	CRM/Phone/Internet Banking Executive	Sales Officer
Credit Officer	Branch Manager	Regional Manager
National Head	Asset Operations/ Documentation Exec./Mgr	Domestic Private Banking Exec./Mgr
Product Manager-Auto/

Home loans

Card Products
Cards-Sales Officer/Exec.	Cards Operations Exec./Mgr	Collections exec.
Card Approvals Officer	Merchant Acquisition Exec.	Business Manager

Treasury
Money Markets Dealer	Forex Dealer	Forex Operations Manager
Sales/BD Manager-Forex	Sales/BD Manager-Derivatives

Operations / Processes / Finance / Legal
Operations Manager	Operations Officer	Legal Manager
Legal Officer	Trade/Finance Mgr	Audit Manager
Finance Manager	ATM Operations Mgr

Corporate Banking
Credit Analyst	Credit Manager	Relationship Exec.

Investment Banking
Debt Analyst	Mergers & Acquisition Analyst	Equity Analyst
Equity Manager	Corporate Advisory Mgr	Project Finance Mgr
Legal Officer-Investments	Legal Manager-Investments

Stock Broking
Sales/BD Manager-Broking	Analyst	Broker/Trader

Senior Management(Financial Service)

• Head/VP/GM : Treasury
• Legal
• Depository Services
• Equity
• Financial Controller
• Insurance Operations

The Banking industry worldwide has an international workforce taken from countries like India, Nepal, Phillipines, Bangladesh, Malaysia and offering a wide range of job opportunities for hospiltality professionals from these countries.

As the Banking industries grows,the demand for quality manpower is ever growing, there is a constant requirement of skilled and unskilled manpower to meet the demand.

In order to deliver timely service to their clientele, the Banking industry requires timely availability of Banking manpower. We at Esource Global have a multi-nation network and databank of manpower that can be mobilized in a very short span of time.

We employ Industry best practices to always raise the peroformance bar. Esource Global has led the market in the supply of permanent, temporary, and contracting staff to various clients in the Banking industry.

Manpower sourcing methodology